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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Combining Fiber Optic RealShape Technology and Intravascular Ultrasound
13:48

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Published on: April 21, 2023

2025 Update on Vascular Anesthesia.

James C Simpson1, Karyn E Barrett2, Jonathan E Tang3

  • 1Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights key 2025 advancements in vascular anesthesia, covering endovascular aortic repair drains, blood pressure management in hypertension, and new guidelines for aortic pathologies. It offers critical updates for practicing vascular anesthesiologists.

Keywords:
aortic aneurysmaortic dissectionperioperative carespinal cord ischemiavascular surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Annual review series in vascular anesthesia literature.
  • Focus on recent developments impacting clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize important updates in vascular anesthesia for 2025.
  • To provide a concise overview of critical literature relevant to vascular anesthesiologists.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of the latest publications in vascular anesthesia.
  • Synthesis of findings related to specific clinical areas.

Main Results:

  • Updates on prophylactic vs. rescue subarachnoid drains for endovascular aortic repair.
  • Perioperative blood pressure management strategies for chronic hypertension.
  • New guidelines for descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies.
  • Preoperative risk stratification and ischemic heart disease evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • The review consolidates crucial 2025 developments in vascular anesthesia.
  • Provides essential information for optimizing patient care in vascular procedures.