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Related Concept Videos

Solenoids01:17

Solenoids

A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field for a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic field due to its individual turns. For an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field inside is almost uniform and parallel to the solenoid axis, while the magnetic field outside the solenoid is nearly zero.
Each turn in a solenoid can be approximated as a circular current carrying coil that generates a dipole moment. The...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Magnetic Field of a Solenoid01:18

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Design Principles for β-Solenoid Stability via Covalent and Electrostatic Capping Motifs.

R J Eufemio1, G Renzer2, J Lehmann2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered that protein termini capping, using covalent or electrostatic methods, controls the stability and environmental response of extended beta-solenoid proteins, crucial for biomaterial design.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Extended beta-solenoid proteins offer promising scaffolds for biomaterials due to their repetitive structures.
  • However, their inherent terminal fraying limits stability and general stabilization strategies are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize mechanisms controlling beta-solenoid protein stability and environmental responsiveness.
  • To explore the role of terminal capping motifs in protein fold integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fungal and bacterial ice-nucleating proteins as model beta-solenoid systems.
  • Investigated the impact of disulfide-mediated (fungal) and electrostatic (bacterial) capping on protein stability under various environmental conditions (pH, temperature, reductants).

Main Results:

  • Disulfide caps in fungal proteins maintain fold integrity under thermal and pH stress but are sensitive to reductants, decreasing activity by over 90%.
  • Electrostatic caps in bacterial proteins are robust to reducing agents but more sensitive to pH and temperature fluctuations.
  • Identified terminal capping chemistry as a critical factor influencing beta-solenoid stability and robustness.

Conclusions:

  • Terminal capping motifs provide orthogonal mechanisms to modulate beta-solenoid stability and environmental response.
  • This finding offers a promising strategy for designing robust repeat-protein scaffolds for functional biomaterials.