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Directed trilithiation enables entropically stabilized heavy-atom-centered triangulenes.

Hajime Gotoh¹, Soichiro Nakatsuka², Keisuke Kinoshita¹

¹Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan.

Nature Communications

|May 29, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed a new method to embed heavy main-group elements into triangulene frameworks, creating stable, bowl-shaped molecules with unique electronic properties. This breakthrough enables novel main-group architectures for advanced materials.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Chemistry
Main-Group Chemistry

Background:

Embedding heavy elements into π-conjugated systems offers stability via geometric confinement.
Previous synthetic methods have struggled to achieve this incorporation effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a regioselective synthetic strategy for incorporating heavy main-group elements into triangulene frameworks.
To explore the structural, stability, and functional properties of these novel compounds.

Main Methods:

Directed, regioselective trilithiation of nitrogen-bridged macrocycles.
Synthesis of antimony-, bismuth-, tin-, and lead-centered triangulenes.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized heavy-atom centered triangulenes with deep bowl-shaped geometries.
Observed remarkable thermal and chemical stability despite strained structures.
Demonstrated reversible redox behavior in antimony-centered triangulene.

Conclusions:

A general synthetic platform for heavy-atom embedding in curved π-systems has been established.
Geometric confinement effectively enhances stability of these strained main-group architectures.
Topological embedding of heavy atoms leads to distinct functional properties, opening design opportunities.