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Apple production under changing climate conditions in major producing countries
Robert Becker Pickson1, Chenchen Zhao2, Yaodan Hu2
1School of Economics and Management, Jiujiang Polytechnic University of Science and Technology, Jiujiang, China. myselfpickson@yahoo.com.
Scientific Reports
|May 29, 2026
Summary
Global climate change impacts apple production, with higher temperatures and heavy rainfall reducing yields. Expanding cultivated areas and fertilizer use can boost output, necessitating climate-adaptive farming strategies.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Economics
- Climate Change Impact Assessment
- Food Security Studies
Background:
- Apples are a crucial dietary component globally.
- Climate change poses significant threats to apple production and food security.
- Understanding climate impacts is vital for sustainable agriculture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the effects of climate variables on apple production in major producing countries.
- To identify factors influencing apple output under changing climatic conditions.
- To inform policy recommendations for climate-adaptive apple farming.
Main Methods:
- Utilized advanced panel econometrics.
- Analyzed 3120 observations from 1961Q1 to 2020Q4 across 13 major apple-producing nations.
- Examined the relationship between climate factors (temperature, rainfall) and apple production.
Main Results:
- Elevated temperatures and prolonged heavy rainfall negatively impact apple production.
- Expansion of cultivated land and increased fertilizer application enhance apple yields.
- Country-specific analyses reveal varied temperature and rainfall effects, with Guatemala as an exception.
Conclusions:
- Government investment in research and extension services is crucial for climate-adaptive apple farming.
- Prioritizing farmer access to resilient technologies, sustainable practices, and training is recommended.
- Effective management of temperature variability and extreme rainfall is essential for future apple production.
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