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A Systematic Review on Classification, Exposure Pathways of Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment, and Its
Akshay Kumar1, Chakshu Thakur1, Kushal Thakur1
1Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India.
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|May 30, 2026
Summary
Micropollutants pose significant risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. This review synthesizes research on their toxicity, identifying critical gaps in understanding mixture effects and chronic exposure for better environmental protection.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
- Ecotoxicology
Background:
- Micropollutants are emerging contaminants from various sources, posing risks to humans and aquatic life.
- They bioaccumulate, persist, and exhibit diverse toxicological effects, including endocrine disruption and reproductive disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of micropollutant toxicity by systematically reviewing epidemiological, experimental, and molecular research.
- To identify critical research gaps and propose a classification framework for understanding their environmental impact and health risks.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of research published between 2000 and 2025.
- Analysis of data on sources, chemical nature, pathways, and ecotoxicological effects.
- Evaluation of toxicological implications for aquatic ecosystems and human health.
Main Results:
- Micropollutant exposure is linked to endocrine disruption, reproductive issues, cancers, and organ system dysfunction.
- Significant research gaps exist regarding chronic exposure definitions and the effects of micropollutant mixtures.
Conclusions:
- Addressing research gaps is crucial for public health and ecosystem integrity.
- A systematic classification framework is proposed to guide future research and policy.
- Coordinated strategies, remediation technologies, and scientific innovation are needed to manage micropollutant risks.
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