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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

SO2 Transfer Enabled by an Easy-to-Handle Ionic Liquid.

Johanna S Sturm1, Letizia Lanfredi2, Severin Erbertseder1

  • 1Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel ionic liquid for reversible sulfur dioxide (SO2) storage and transfer in organic synthesis. This safe and economical reagent enables efficient synthesis of various organosulfur compounds.

Keywords:
green chemistryionic liquidreagent designsulfur dioxidesynthetic methods

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Synthesis
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a crucial reagent in organic synthesis but poses handling challenges.
  • Existing SO2 surrogates often lack efficiency or economic viability.
  • Development of safe and user-friendly SO2 storage and delivery systems is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel ionic liquid, [NEt3Me][Cl(SO2)n], as a reversible sulfur dioxide storage medium and transfer reagent.
  • To investigate the storage capacity, stability, and physicochemical properties of the ionic liquid.
  • To demonstrate the synthetic utility of the ionic liquid for producing organosulfur compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Vapor pressure measurements to determine SO2 storage capacity.
  • Physicochemical property investigation and long-term stability testing.
  • Solid-state structure analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations for bonding analysis.
  • Comparative analysis of atom economy and cost with existing SO2 surrogates.
  • Demonstration of synthetic applications for various organosulfur compounds.

Main Results:

  • The ionic liquid [NEt3Me][Cl(SO2)n] can store up to 3.66 equivalents of SO2 at room temperature.
  • Controlled release of SO2 is achievable via heating or depressurization.
  • The ionic liquid exhibits excellent long-term stability (>6 months) and a covalent sulfur-chlorine interaction.
  • The reagent is an inexpensive and atom-economic alternative to common SO2 surrogates.
  • Successful synthesis of 3-sulfolenes, sulfonamides, sulfones, and sulfonyl fluorides in good to excellent yields.

Conclusions:

  • [NEt3Me][Cl(SO2)n] is a highly effective and stable SO2 storage and transfer reagent.
  • The developed reagent offers a safe, user-friendly, and scalable alternative for laboratory-scale SO2 applications.
  • This ionic liquid facilitates the efficient synthesis of valuable organosulfur compounds, promoting greener synthetic practices.