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Photocaged abscisic acid enhances rice salt tolerance via sustained signaling and multilevel stress modulation
Qi Yin1, Yongchao Zhang1, Yuqian Hu1
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Background:
Although abscisic acid (ABA) is essential for improving plant tolerance to salt stress, its practical use in agriculture is severely limited by rapid photodegradation, poor lipophilicity, and short-lived activity. Here, three photo-caged ABA derivatives were developed as light-responsive ABA delivery systems and systematically compared with free ABA.
Results:
All three photo-caged ABA derivatives showed sustained bioactivity in seed germination assays of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, indicating prolonged ABA action. Under salt stress, NV (4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl bromide4)-ABA performed best. Compared with free ABA, NV-ABA enhanced seedling salt tolerance, promoted chlorophyll recovery, and increased shoot and root fresh weights by 36% and 18%. It also better maintained antioxidant homeostasis and moderate ABA signaling. Sustained expression of OsP5CS1, OsP5CR, OsNHX1, and OsRAB16A supported prolonged stress regulation.
Conclusion:
This study developed a photo-controlled strategy for precise ABA delivery, improving ABA stability and utilization, prolonging bioactivity, and enhancing crop salt tolerance, thus providing a novel approach for ABA application in crop stress regulation. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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