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Related Concept Videos

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

High-Throughput Screening of Microbial Isolates with Impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Health
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The Microbiome Epoch: Cracking the Cardiovascular-Neurodegenerative Disorder Code.

Cinzia Parolini1, Amedeo Amedei2

  • 1Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Rodolfo Paoletti, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|May 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome (GM) impacts host health and disease. Dysbiosis and impaired inflammation resolution link GM to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs).

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasesdysbiosisenteric nervous systemgastrointestinal microbiomegastrointestinal tracthumansinflammationneurodegenerative diseases

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A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
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Published on: July 28, 2023

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

High-Throughput Screening of Microbial Isolates with Impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Health
11:40

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Published on: April 28, 2022

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
09:18

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis

Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • The gut microbiome (GM) plays a crucial role in host health and disease pathogenesis.
  • GM metabolites influence host physiology and immune responses.
  • Impaired inflammation resolution and GM dysbiosis are linked to chronic inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the components of the gastrointestinal tract and GM.
  • To discuss the links between unresolved inflammation, GM, and human diseases like CVD and NDDs.
  • To highlight evidence gaps in establishing causal links.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of the gastrointestinal tract components (enteroendocrine system, enteric nervous system, GM).
  • Analysis of the relationship between inflammation resolution, GM dysbiosis, and disease.
  • Identification of limitations in current research.

Main Results:

  • GM influences host physiology through metabolite production.
  • Dysbiosis and impaired inflammation resolution contribute to chronic inflammation.
  • Connections between GM, inflammation, and CVD/NDDs are suggested but require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • The GM is integral to host health and disease.
  • Further research is needed to establish a causal relationship between GM and the pathogenesis of CVD and NDDs.
  • Understanding GM-inflammation interactions is key for future therapeutic strategies.