The Microbiome Epoch: Cracking the Cardiovascular-Neurodegenerative Disorder Code.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Immunology
• Neuroscience
• Cardiovascular Science

Background:

• The gut microbiome (GM) plays a crucial role in host health and disease pathogenesis.
• GM metabolites influence host physiology and immune responses.
• Impaired inflammation resolution and GM dysbiosis are linked to chronic inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the components of the gastrointestinal tract and GM.
• To discuss the links between unresolved inflammation, GM, and human diseases like CVD and NDDs.
• To highlight evidence gaps in establishing causal links.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of the gastrointestinal tract components (enteroendocrine system, enteric nervous system, GM).
• Analysis of the relationship between inflammation resolution, GM dysbiosis, and disease.
• Identification of limitations in current research.

Main Results:

• GM influences host physiology through metabolite production.
• Dysbiosis and impaired inflammation resolution contribute to chronic inflammation.
• Connections between GM, inflammation, and CVD/NDDs are suggested but require further investigation.

Conclusions:

• The GM is integral to host health and disease.
• Further research is needed to establish a causal relationship between GM and the pathogenesis of CVD and NDDs.
• Understanding GM-inflammation interactions is key for future therapeutic strategies.