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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Bovine Mammary Gland Biopsy Techniques
14:53

Bovine Mammary Gland Biopsy Techniques

Published on: December 23, 2018

Immune-Adaptive Transcriptomic Networks Supporting Sustained Milk Production and Reproductive Longevity in Dairy

Zhenjiang An1,2, Yingying Jiang1,2, Wenjie Li1,2

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|May 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dairy cows with longer productive lives show immune system adaptations linked to reproductive success. This immune remodeling supports sustained milk production across multiple lactations.

Keywords:
dairy cattleimmune regulationmachine learningmilk production efficiencyparityreproductive longevitytranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Sustained milk production in dairy cows relies on reproductive efficiency across lactations.
  • Repeated lactation and aging (parity) cause stress, impairing fertility and lifespan.
  • Immune system dysfunction is increasingly linked to parity-associated reproductive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cows with longer reproductive lifespans exhibit immune system changes related to parity.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms connecting immune regulation, reproductive persistence, and milk production.

Main Methods:

  • Blood transcriptome profiling of 131 Holstein cows across parities 1-9.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns and identification of parity-associated trajectories.
  • Differential gene expression, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and machine learning.

Main Results:

  • Identified six distinct gene expression patterns associated with increasing parity.
  • Found 1,405 parity-associated genes involved in immune and stress pathways (e.g., MAPK, Rap1).
  • Immune regulatory gene modules correlated with parity and reproductive indicators; identified PDE4C, APLN, CDH15 as key predictors.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated immune signaling networks are crucial for reproductive persistence in dairy cows.
  • Immune adaptation plays a key role in extending productive lifespan and milk yield.
  • Identified potential biomarkers for genomic selection and precision herd management.