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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...

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Gold(III) Semiquinone Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Application in Photocatalysis.

Miguel A Gonzálvez1, Félix Léon1, Vlad Martin-Diaconescu2

  • 1Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale Et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS/Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel gold(III) semiquinone complexes for photocatalysis. These complexes enable efficient C-H arylation via single-electron transfer, expanding gold catalysis applications.

Keywords:
electron donor–acceptorgoldphotoredox catalysissemiquinonessingle‐electron transfer

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Photocatalysis
  • Gold Catalysis

Background:

  • Hemilabile ligands facilitate two-electron gold redox cycling.
  • Single-electron processes and redox-active ligands in gold chemistry are underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Report the synthesis and photocatalytic application of Au(III) semiquinone complexes.
  • Investigate the mechanism of single-electron transfer in gold complexes.
  • Establish a new strategy for gold-mediated photoredox catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of Au(III) catecholate and semiquinone complexes.
  • Experimental studies and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Photocatalytic C-H arylation reactions using visible-light irradiation.

Main Results:

  • Au(III) semiquinone complexes were synthesized via one-electron oxidation of Au(III) catecholates.
  • Oxidation occurs at the O^O ligand, maintaining the Au(III) oxidation state.
  • Au(III) catecholate complexes form electron donor-acceptor adducts, enabling photoinduced single-electron transfer.
  • Efficient photocatalytic C-H arylation of heterocycles was achieved under mild conditions.
  • Ligand variation allows tuning of catalytic activity and optimization for challenging substrates.

Conclusions:

  • This work presents the first photocatalytic application of Au(III) semiquinone complexes.
  • A new mechanism for gold-mediated photoredox catalysis involving single-electron transfer is established.
  • Redox-active ligands offer a versatile platform for expanding gold complex reactivity.