γ-Ray Regulated Host-Guest Molecular Recognition

Decades of advances in light-responsive host-guest supramolecular systems allow precise molecular switching and photoactivation, yet their in vivo use is severely limited by the weak tissue penetration of UV/visible light. Ionizing radiation such as γ-rays possesses outstanding deep-tissue penetration, which has been widely applied in clinical radiology and radiotherapy. Herein, we develop a γ-irradiation-regulated host-guest recognition system based on azobenzene derivatives and macrocyclic hosts (cyclodextrins and cucurbiturils). At a clinical dose of 2 Gy, γ-radiation triggers cis-to-trans isomerization of azobenzene and enables efficient molecular recognition with macrocycles. γ-Rays outperform blue light in inducing isomerization even through centimeter-thick porcine tissues, and the system exhibits excellent recyclability over ten irradiation cycles. Moreover, γ-ray-regulated ternary recognition realizes in situ hydrogelation, constructing double-network hydrogels with simultaneous mechanical reinforcement, stiffening and self-healing. The hydrogel achieves tensile strength of ∼23 MPa and toughness of ∼30 MJ m^-3, comparable to engineered elastomers while retaining supramolecular adaptability. This radiation-regulated molecular recognition offers a universal platform for remotely programming soft material mechanics and holds great potential for in vivo applications.