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Experimental System of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration with Concentrated Collector
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3D-Printed Phase-Change Porous Monoliths for Adaptive Radiative Cooling with High Solar Reflectance and Latent Heat

Xue Liu1, Yufeng Wang2, Tianyi Zhu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 30, 2026
PubMed
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Researchers developed a 3D-printed phase-change porous monolith for efficient passive daytime radiative cooling. This material achieves significant subambient cooling and delays nighttime overcooling, offering a scalable solution for energy-efficient temperature regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a promising energy-efficient technology for cooling applications.
  • Current PDRC materials face challenges like limited cooling power and nighttime overcooling.
  • Integrating phase-change materials (PCMs) offers thermal buffering but often compromises solar reflectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable and adaptive radiative cooling material with enhanced performance.
  • To address the limitations of existing PDRC technologies, specifically cooling power and nighttime overcooling.
  • To create a novel material integrating high solar reflectivity, efficient thermal buffering, and large-scale manufacturability.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a phase-change porous monolith using direct-ink-written 3D printing.
Keywords:
adaptive radiative coolingdirect-ink-written 3D printingnanofiber skeletonphase-change porous monolithsolar scattering

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  • Incorporation of microencapsulated phase-change materials within a cellulose nanofiber porous skeleton.
  • Characterization of spectral properties (solar reflectance, mid-infrared emissivity) and thermal performance (latent heat capacity).

    • Main Results:

    • The 3D-printed monolith achieved a high solar reflectance of 95.6% and mid-infrared emissivity of 94.6%.
    • The material demonstrated a significant on-demand latent heat capacity of 124 J g-1.
    • Achieved approximately 9.0 °C subambient cooling under direct sunlight and delayed nighttime overcooling by ~2.5 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed phase-change radiative cooling monolith offers an efficient strategy for adaptive cooling.
    • Direct-ink-written 3D printing enables scalable production and structural programmability for radiative cooling materials.
    • The integrated approach of spectral selectivity and latent heat buffering provides a pathway for advanced zero-energy cooling solutions.