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Related Concept Videos

Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Electrochemical Cells01:28

Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not electrons—to...
Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current passing...
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Electrochemistry: Overview01:04

Electrochemistry: Overview

Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the relationship between electrical quantities and chemical reactions, particularly oxidation and reduction. Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance, whereas reduction refers to the gain of electrons. A substance with a strong electron affinity is called an oxidizing agent (oxidant), and a reducing agent (reductant) is a species that donates electrons. Oxidation and reduction processes are pivotal to electrochemical reactions,...
Energy Stored in Capacitors01:10

Energy Stored in Capacitors

A parallel plate capacitor, when connected to a battery, develops a potential difference across its plates. This potential difference is key to the operation of the capacitor, as it determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store.
By integrating the equation that relates voltage and current in a capacitor, one can derive an equation for the voltage across the capacitor at any given time. This equation is crucial in understanding and predicting the behavior of capacitors in...

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Cerebral Cortex Inspired Bio-Interface Engineering: Fast Zn Ions Reaction Kinetics for Low-Temperature Energy

Xiankai Fan1,2, Cuiqin Chao1, Luxiao Zhang1

  • 1College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomimetic hierarchical carbon spheres with sulcus-gyrus architectures improve low-temperature performance in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (CAZBs). This strategy enhances ion transport and charge transfer for stable, efficient energy storage in extreme conditions.

Keywords:
aqueous zinc‐ion batteriesbio‐interface engineeringlow‐temperature energy storagenano materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Bio-inspired Engineering

Background:

  • Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (CAZBs) face challenges in low-temperature performance due to slow Zn2+ transport and high desolvation energy barriers.
  • Developing stable and efficient CAZBs for extreme conditions is crucial for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a biomimetic interface for CAZBs that enhances low-temperature ion transport and charge transfer.
  • To investigate the effect of hierarchical carbon spheres with sulcus-gyrus architectures (HCSs-sg) on battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of HCSs-sg using a bio-inspired interface engineering strategy mimicking the cerebral cortex.
  • Electrochemical characterization of the HCSs-sg modified electrodes in CAZBs at subzero temperatures.
  • Analysis of ion transport mechanisms and interfacial properties.

Main Results:

  • The HCSs-sg structure significantly increases pseudocapacitive active sites and generates directional micro-electric fields and ionic concentration gradients.
  • Synergistic acceleration of Zn2+ transport via diffusion and coulombic forces.
  • Enhanced Zn2+ adsorption and reduced desolvation barriers at the electrode-electrolyte interface.
  • Achieved a specific capacity of 70 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 at -25°C.
  • Demonstrated excellent cycling stability with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency over 10,000 cycles at 1 A g-1.

Conclusions:

  • The biomimetic HCSs-sg design effectively addresses the limitations of CAZBs at low temperatures.
  • This interface engineering approach offers a promising strategy for developing high-performance aqueous batteries for extreme environments.