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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

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How Thalamo-Cortical Loops Modulate Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potentials?

Odile Feys^1,2, Samuel Medina Villalon^3,4, Christian-George Bénar⁴

¹Department of Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, Timone Hospital - APHM, Marseille, France. odile.feys@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Brain Topography

|May 30, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Higher-order thalamic nuclei, specifically the pulvinar, actively shape cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) through iterative cortico-thalamic loops. This challenges the view of CCEPs as solely direct cortical connections.

Keywords:

CCEPs Connectivity Pulvinar Thalamus

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Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

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Published on: August 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience
Epilepsy Research

Background:

The origin of late cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) has been linked to the thalamus.
The specific role of higher-order thalamic nuclei in modulating CCEP dynamics via cortico-thalamo-cortical loops is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the involvement of higher-order thalamic nuclei in CCEP generation and modulation.
To explore the dynamics of cortico-thalamo-cortical interactions in shaping CCEP responses.

Main Methods:

Analysis of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings from epilepsy patients undergoing cortical stimulation.
Identification of cortico-thalamic evoked potentials (CTEPs) and CCEPs using t-tests.
Assessment of effective connectivity using nonlinear h2 correlation and intertrial correlations.

Main Results:

Significant CTEPs were identified in the pulvinar following cortical stimulation.
Iterative recruitment of cortico-thalamic loops was observed, with alternating corticothalamic and thalamocortical connectivity.
Delayed thalamocortical connectivity suggested polysynaptic pathways, indicating thalamic influence across different timescales.

Conclusions:

Cortico-thalamic loops, involving higher-order thalamic nuclei, iteratively shape CCEP dynamics at both short and long timescales.
These findings challenge the traditional view of CCEPs as purely direct cortical pathways.
Higher-order thalamic nuclei actively modulate cortico-cortical connectivity, impacting CCEP interpretation and neuromodulation mechanisms in epilepsy.