Association between periodontal and geriatric health: a cross-sectional study

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between periodontal status and geriatric health parameters, a relationship that has received little attention in research to date.

The periodontal health of 51 geriatric patients was assessed based on probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and approximal plaque index (API). General health was evaluated using the Tinetti Test, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), handgrip strength test and the Barthel Index. Oral hygiene habits were evaluated using a structured questionnaire.

CAL was significantly associated with patients fall risk determined by Tinetti Test. An increase in CAL corresponded with a decline in balance and gait (p < 0.05). BOP and API were also significantly associated with Tinetti Test (p < 0.05). Moreover, a decrease in CAL was significantly associated with an increased handgrip strength (p < 0.05). A significant inverse correlation was also found between API and MMSE (p < 0.05). The present study revealed no significant association between Barthel Index and periodontal parameters.

The study suggests that a decline in periodontal health is associated with a deterioration in general health in older age, with the Tinetti Test potentially serving as a valuable geriatric parameter.

These findings may promote the development of targeted preventive strategies focused on the periodontal health requirements of this hospitalised patient group.