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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
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Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
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Published on: February 6, 2016

Multifunctional poly(citric acid)-based ionic liquid polymer composite for scale control and emulsion stabilization:

Mostafa Y Nassar1, Elbadawy A Kamoun2, Norah Alsadun2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia. mynassar@kfu.edu.sa.

Scientific Reports
|May 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel bio-based ionic liquid polymer effectively prevents mineral scale and stabilizes emulsions in high-salinity oilfields. This additive enhances oil recovery and improves operational efficiency, showcasing its potential for challenging environments.

Keywords:
Dynamic scale loop (DSL)Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)Ionic liquid polymer compositeMultifunctional polymerScale inhibitionWater-oil compatibility

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Methods for the Self-integration of Megamolecular Biopolymers on the Drying Air-LC Interface

Published on: April 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Petroleum Engineering

Background:

  • High-salinity oilfield systems face challenges with mineral scale formation and emulsion instability.
  • These issues lead to operational inefficiencies and reduced oil recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate a partially bio-based ionic liquid polymer (HPTA-ILP) for simultaneous scale inhibition and emulsion stabilization.
  • To assess the polymer's performance under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of poly(2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid)-based ionic liquid polymer (HPTA-ILP) from citric acid.
  • Characterization using FTIR, XRD, and ¹H NMR.
  • Dynamic scale loop tests simulating oilfield conditions (190 °F, 1500 psi).

Main Results:

  • HPTA-ILP demonstrated effective inhibition of calcium-based scale formation with a minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) of 200 ppm.
  • At 200 ppm, the polymer achieved an 85% emulsion stability index (ESI) and improved oil recovery to 87%.
  • Characterization confirmed an amorphous, ionically functionalized polymer network.

Conclusions:

  • HPTA-ILP shows significant potential as a multifunctional additive for scale inhibition and emulsion stabilization in high-salinity oilfields.
  • The polymer's mechanism involves ion complexation, adsorption, and interfacial stabilization.
  • This additive can improve flow assurance and enhance oil recovery performance.