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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Automation of the Micronucleus Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and Artificial Intelligence

Automation of the Micronucleus Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and Artificial Intelligence

Published on: January 27, 2023

Automated leukemia detection from microscopic images using deep transfer learning with explainable AI-based analysis.

Md Ashikuzzaman¹, Mir Md Julhash¹, Md Feroz Ali²

¹Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Bangladesh.

Scientific Reports

|May 30, 2026

Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study evaluated fourteen Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models for automated leukemia detection from blood smear images. EfficientNetB1, EfficientNetB5, Xception, and ResNet50 achieved high accuracy, demonstrating potential for clinical use.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Medical Imaging
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Leukemia diagnosis relies on timely and accurate methods, but traditional microscopy is slow and subjective.
Existing deep learning studies for leukemia detection often use limited models and lack interpretability.
There is a need for comprehensive evaluations of various deep learning architectures for automated leukemia diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comparative evaluation of fourteen pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures for automated leukemia detection.
To assess the performance of models like EfficientNet, Xception, Inception, DenseNet, ResNet, VGG, and MobileNet using microscopic blood smear images.
To integrate Explainable AI (XAI) techniques for enhanced transparency and clinical trust in automated diagnostic models.

Keywords:

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)Deep learning Leukemia detection Microscopic image analysis Transfer learning

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Automation of the Micronucleus Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and Artificial Intelligence

Automation of the Micronucleus Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and Artificial Intelligence

Published on: January 27, 2023

Main Methods:

Utilized a public Kaggle dataset of 10,700 labeled microscopic blood smear images.
Compared fourteen pre-trained CNN architectures, including EfficientNetB1/B3/B5, Xception, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, DenseNet201, ResNet variants, VGG16/19, and MobileNet.
Employed stratified sampling for data splitting (70% train, 15% validation, 15% test) and repeated experiments ten times with different random seeds for statistical robustness.
Integrated Grad-CAM and LIME for explainability analysis.

Main Results:

EfficientNetB1, EfficientNetB5, Xception, and ResNet50 demonstrated high performance, achieving test accuracies up to 96%, recall up to 98%, F1-scores up to 97%, and AUC values up to 0.987.
These models showed excellent threshold-independent discriminative capability in classifying leukemia from blood smear images.
Explainable AI techniques provided insights into model decision-making, enhancing transparency.

Conclusions:

The study provides a comprehensive comparison of CNN architectures for automated leukemia detection, outperforming many existing methods.
Selected models show significant potential for clinical translation in early and accurate leukemia diagnosis.
Future work requires external validation on multi-center datasets to ensure generalizability across different imaging devices and clinical settings.