Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A general mechanism of airborne hearing in recent and early non-tympanate tetrapods.

The Journal of experimental biology·2026
Same author

Conditions for replay of neuronal assemblies.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Network synchrony creates neural filters promoting quiescence in Drosophila.

Nature·2025
Same author

Sub-type specific connectivity between CA3 pyramidal neurons may underlie their sequential activation during sharp waves.

eLife·2025
Same author

Single Neuron Contributions to the Auditory Brainstem EEG.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Propagation of sharp wave-ripple activity in the mouse hippocampal CA3 subfield in vitro.

The Journal of physiology·2024
Same journal

Evidence for a Transient State of Auditory Hypersensitivity During Initial Onset of Tinnitus: IDAEP Changes Between Acute and Chronic Tinnitus.

Trends in hearing·2026
Same journal

Impact of Age-Related Hearing Loss on Brain Connectivity and Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review.

Trends in hearing·2026
Same journal

Assessing Hearing-Related Quality of Life in Adults With Hearing Loss: Validation of the German Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL)-35 Profile.

Trends in hearing·2026
Same journal

Effects of Talker Sex Differences on Binaural Summation in Cochlear Implant Users and Normal Hearing Listeners.

Trends in hearing·2026
Same journal

Effects of Task-Irrelevant Talker Identity and Continuity on Spatial Selective Attention Under Interruption.

Trends in hearing·2026
Same journal

Localization of Free-Field Sound Sources in the Chronic Phase of Mild Ischemic Stroke.

Trends in hearing·2026
See all related articles
  1. Home
  3. Inhibitory Inputs To Avian Itd Circuits.
  1. Home
  3. Inhibitory Inputs To Avian Itd Circuits.

Related Experiment Video

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem
10:14

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem

Published on: June 9, 2017

Inhibitory inputs to avian ITD circuits.

Paula T Kuokkanen1, Z Mehnoush Faghani1, Ira Kraemer2

  • 1Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institute for Theoretical Biology, Berlin, Germany.

Trends in Hearing
|May 31, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inhibition from the Superior Olivary Nucleus (SON) enhances the dynamic range of interaural time difference (ITD) tuning in the avian auditory brainstem nucleus laminaris (NL). This inhibition helps neurons maintain sound localization sensitivity across varying sound levels.

Keywords:
auditoryavianbrainsteminhibition

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Auditory Brainstem Response in Chicken Hatchlings
09:32

Evaluation of Auditory Brainstem Response in Chicken Hatchlings

Published on: April 1, 2022

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits
08:24

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits

Published on: July 12, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem
10:14

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem

Published on: June 9, 2017

Evaluation of Auditory Brainstem Response in Chicken Hatchlings
09:32

Evaluation of Auditory Brainstem Response in Chicken Hatchlings

Published on: April 1, 2022

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits
08:24

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits

Published on: July 12, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sound source azimuth detection in birds relies on interaural time differences (ITDs) computed in the nucleus laminaris (NL).
  • Inhibition is hypothesized to maintain ITD sensitivity in NL neurons across different sound levels, but its nature remains unclear.
  • The Superior Olivary Nucleus (SON) provides major GABAergic inhibition to the NL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo characteristics of inhibitory input to the NL from the SON.
  • To determine the role of SON inhibition in the ITD tuning properties of NL neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized viral tracers to map SON projections to NL.
  • Recorded extracellular field potentials in the NL in vivo.
  • Applied GABA (gabazine) and glycine (strychnine) blockers to isolate inhibitory contributions.
  • Analyzed changes in neuronal responses to tonal stimuli.

    • Main Results:

    • GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition increased onset and offset responses in NL neurons without altering best ITD.
    • Co-application of blockers revealed supra-linear summation of GABA and glycine.
    • Inhibition was more pronounced following stimulus offset, suggesting SON inputs from distinct neuronal populations.
    • SON inhibition broadens the dynamic range of ITD tuning in NL neurons.

    Conclusions:

    • SON inhibition plays a crucial role in regulating the dynamic range of ITD sensitivity in NL neurons.
    • Heterogeneous SON inputs likely contribute to precise auditory processing in the avian brainstem.
    • This study supports the functional significance of descending inhibition in auditory brainstem circuits.