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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Recommendations for the Inclusion of Autistic Children in Community-Based Physical Activity Programmes: A Delphi

Edel Ryan¹, Dean McDonnell¹, Sean Healy²

¹South East Technological University, Ireland.

Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice

|May 31, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Physical Activity (PA) inclusion for autistic children is improved through the new STARTS recommendations. These guidelines offer practical strategies for community programs to better support autistic children

Keywords:

STARTS recommendations adaptive physical activity autism bridging sessions coach education exercise

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Area of Science:

Autism Spectrum Disorder
Pediatric Physical Activity
Inclusion in Sports

Background:

Autistic children face significant barriers to physical activity (PA) participation, leading to lower activity levels compared to their non-autistic peers.
Existing research highlights barriers but offers limited practical solutions for inclusive community-based PA programs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop evidence-based, best practice recommendations for enhancing the inclusion of autistic children in community-based PA programs.
To address the need for practical strategies to overcome identified barriers to PA participation for autistic children.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Delphi Method with a panel of 22 international experts in autism and PA inclusion.
Conducted three rounds of questionnaires to achieve consensus on key topics related to program inclusion.
Established 16 consensus statements to form the foundation of the STARTS recommendations.

Main Results:

Developed the 'STARTS' recommendations, a framework encompassing Skill development, Training for coaches/volunteers, Aims for sessions, Resources for children's experiences, Transitioning to mainstream programs, and Supports for inclusion.
Achieved expert consensus (⩾67% agreement) on 16 key statements guiding inclusive PA practices.
The STARTS framework provides a structured approach for modifying and implementing community PA programs.

Conclusions:

The STARTS recommendations offer practical guidance for organizations aiming to create or adapt community PA programs for autistic children.
Implementation of these recommendations can significantly improve the experiences and participation of autistic children in community PA.
This study provides a valuable resource for fostering inclusive environments in community sports and physical activity settings.