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Published on: May 10, 2022

Adherence to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance Guidelines Among People with HIV and Chronic HBV Infection

Juan Berenguer1,2, Pablo Ryan2,3, Thomas Lutz4

  • 1Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|June 1, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Adherence to liver cancer surveillance in people with HIV and chronic hepatitis B was low (28%). Surveillance was higher in cirrhotic patients, indicating a need for better integration into HIV care.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk of HBV-related liver disease and HCC.
  • Current guidelines recommend regular HCC surveillance for high-risk individuals, including those with HIV and chronic HBV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess adherence to HCC surveillance guidelines in a cohort of people with HIV and chronic HBV.
  • To identify factors associated with adherence to HCC surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Multicenter cross-sectional study.
  • Inclusion of 1,308 individuals with HIV and chronic HBV.
  • Analysis of adherence rates among 1,142 eligible individuals based on guideline criteria.

Main Results:

  • Overall adherence to HCC surveillance was 28% among eligible individuals.
  • Adherence was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis (66%) compared to non-cirrhotic high-risk individuals (24%).

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to HCC surveillance guidelines is suboptimal in people with HIV and chronic HBV.
  • Targeted interventions are needed to improve HCC surveillance, particularly in non-cirrhotic high-risk populations.
  • Integrating liver surveillance into routine HIV care is crucial for early HCC detection and improved outcomes.

Keywords:
Cancer surveillanceGuideline adherenceHIVHepatitis B virusHepatocellular carcinoma

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