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Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

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Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
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Balancing Redox Equations02:58

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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Thermal Decomposition of Manganese(II) Acetylacetonate
09:02

Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Thermal Decomposition of Manganese(II) Acetylacetonate

Published on: June 18, 2020

Manganese Oxidation during Vegetation Burning.

Shyrill Mae F Mariano1, Lingqun Zeng1, Rixiang Huang1

  • 1Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, New York 12222, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wildfires significantly alter manganese (Mn) redox cycling in ecosystems. Fire ash contains oxidized Mn species that can accelerate organic matter decomposition, shifting this process away from microbial mediation.

Keywords:
X-ray absorption spectroscopyashmanganese cyclingspeciationwildland fires

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Geochemistry
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Redox cycling of manganese (Mn) is crucial for organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.
  • Fire events are expected to alter Mn redox cycling dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Mn oxidation during vegetation burning.
  • To characterize Mn chemical speciation in fire ash.
  • To identify factors controlling Mn average oxidation state (AOS) and speciation post-fire.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of Mn chemical speciation in wildland fire ash.
  • Laboratory burning experiments to simulate fire conditions.
  • Evaluation of fire thermal intensity (temperature × duration) and burning completeness effects on Mn AOS.

Main Results:

  • Mn AOS in wildland fire ash varied from 2.5 to 3.3.
  • Laboratory burning showed Mn oxidation is controlled by fire thermal intensity and burning completeness.
  • Increased heating time and temperature led to higher Mn AOS, with faster oxidation at higher temperatures.
  • Oxidized Mn species in fire ash can mediate the oxidative degradation of organic compounds like catechol.

Conclusions:

  • Fire significantly alters Mn redox cycling, introducing oxidized Mn species into ecosystems.
  • Fire ash-mediated Mn oxidation represents a new paradigm compared to microbe-mediated cycling.
  • Oxidized Mn in fire ash has the potential to enhance organic matter decomposition.