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Updated: Jun 2, 2026
Early Weight-Bearing Rehabilitation Protocol After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Published on: March 1, 2024
Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition: A Study on the Correlation Between Neuromuscular Dysfunction and Mobility limitations
JingYao Jiang1, DongLiang Zhang1, HongFeng Ye1
1Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan City, Fujian Province, China.
Objectives:
To explore arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI)'s impact on mobility after anterior/posterior cruciate ligament (ACL/PCL) reconstruction, identify early predictors of postoperative stiffness, and inform clinical rehabilitation.
Methods:
In this prospective cohort study, 146 ACL/PCL reconstruction patients were split into stiff (passive flexion <120° and extension deficit >5° at 12 weeks [T2]) and non-stiff groups. Preoperative data, knee function (ROM, gait, muscle strength, proprioception) and AMI indicators (quadriceps VA, H/M ratio) were assessed at 4 weeks (T1) and T2. Boruta, multivariate logistic, and multiple linear regression analyzed predictors.
Results:
The stiff group had longer injury-to-surgery intervals, higher patellar tendon use, worse ROM/gait/strength/AMI metrics at T1-T2. The four most important predictors for T2 stiffness were T1 passive flexion, extension deficit, H/M ratio, and VA; T1 H/M (OR = 4.82) and extension deficit (OR = 3.85) were major risks. T2 H/M correlated negatively with passive flexion (β = -0.73), T1 VA with extension deficit (β = -0.38). The logistic model demonstrated good predictive performance (optimism-corrected C-index = 0.890).
Conclusions:
AMI associates with post-ACL/PCL mobility issues. Four early indicators predict T2 stiffness, with H/M impacting flexion and VA affecting extension, guiding personalized rehabilitation.