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Social Inequalities in Infant Mortality Related to Congenital Anomalies: A Population-Based Register Study

Bermet Amirova1, Nathalie Lelong1, Marine Wojciechowski1

  • 1Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Paris, France.

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
|June 1, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Area-based deprivation is linked to increased infant mortality and congenital anomalies (CA) in France. Antenatal detection rates for CA did not vary by socioeconomic status, suggesting other factors influence outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Infant mortality rates have risen in France, particularly in disadvantaged regions.
  • Congenital anomalies (CA) are a significant contributor to infant mortality and may explain recent trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate socioeconomic and spatial disparities in infant mortality linked to CA.
  • To examine differences in antenatal detection of CA based on socioeconomic factors.

Main Methods:

  • A case-population design using the Paris Registry of CA (remaPAR) and vital statistics.
  • Assessed the association between area-based deprivation scores (IRIS level) and risks of infant death and live birth with CA.
  • Compared antenatal detection rates of CA across deprivation quartiles.

Main Results:

  • Infant deaths with CA were higher in the most deprived quartile (OR 2.43).
  • Live births with CA were also more common in the most deprived quartile (OR 1.34).
  • Antenatal detection rates for CA showed no significant variation across deprivation levels.

Conclusions:

  • Area-based deprivation is associated with increased risks of infant mortality and live birth with CA.
  • Lack of disparity in antenatal detection suggests other factors, potentially related to CA etiology or pregnancy termination decisions, are at play.
Abstract

Keywords:
antenatal detectioncongenital anomaliesdeprivation indexinfant mortalitysocial inequalities

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