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Related Concept Videos

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the concrete...
Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Multiple Bar Graph01:07

Multiple Bar Graph

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Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
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Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)

Published on: August 28, 2021

Mathematical cognitive structures in Grade 12 students: a mixed-methods concept map study of gender differences and

Zhenping Wang1, Junxiong Chen1, Jin Liu1

  • 1College of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Grade 12 students

Keywords:
cognitive structurecomputational abilityconcept mapgender differenceshigh school studentsmixed-methods research

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Mathematics Education

Background:

  • Understanding students' cognitive structures is crucial for effective mathematics instruction.
  • Previous research has explored cognitive structures, but less is known about Grade 12 students' mathematical cognitive structures in specific topics like sequences and trigonometric functions.
  • Assessing cognitive structures can reveal learning patterns and inform pedagogical strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of Grade 12 students' mathematical cognitive structures in sequences and trigonometric functions.
  • To examine gender-based differences in these cognitive structures.
  • To explore the relationship between mathematical computational ability and cognitive structure development.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach was used, with a primary focus on quantitative analysis.
  • 184 Grade 12 students from China constructed concept maps on sequences and trigonometric functions.
  • Concept maps were evaluated using total proposition, Novak's structural, and a new structural scoring methods.

Main Results:

  • Grade 12 students' mathematical cognitive structures typically ranged from two to five levels, with limited cross-linking or linear structures.
  • Significant differences were observed in students' understanding of key concepts and methods in sequences and trigonometric functions.
  • Females scored slightly higher than males in cognitive structure scores (p < 0.001).
  • Mathematical computational ability significantly correlated with cognitive structure scores, with high-ability students outperforming medium- and low-ability groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Grade 12 students' mathematical cognitive structures in sequences and trigonometric functions are relatively basic, lacking complex interconnections.
  • Gender and mathematical computational ability are significant factors influencing the development of these cognitive structures.
  • Findings suggest a need for instructional interventions to foster deeper conceptual understanding and more complex cognitive structures in mathematics.