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Bouncing Ball with a Uniformly Varying Velocity in a Metronome Synchronization Task
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Embodied groove-synchrony model: movement context reshapes groove-synchrony coupling and its dominant timescale.

Hiroko Tanabe1, Minami Nakajima2, Mai Shiratori1

  • 1Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Groove experience depends on balancing bodily movement with music, not just synchronization. Excessive temporal alignment can reduce groove, especially in certain movement contexts.

Keywords:
auditory–motor synchronizationembodied cognitiongroove experiencemovement contextphase-locking valuepredictive processingrhythm perception

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Music Psychology
  • Embodied Cognition

Background:

  • Groove is theorized to stem from embodied engagement with rhythm and entrained movement.
  • The influence of movement context on groove and auditory-motor synchronization remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how musical syncopation, movement context, and synchronization jointly shape groove.
  • To determine if stronger synchronization uniformly enhances groove experience.

Main Methods:

  • Participants experienced music with varying syncopation under Free, Static, and Dynamic movement conditions.
  • Auditory-motor synchronization was measured using phase-locking values (PLV) between music and head movement.
  • Structural equation modeling analyzed the organization of groove across contexts.

Main Results:

  • Urge-to-move increased synchronization at 2 Hz across conditions.
  • Synchronization negatively impacted groove ratings in Free and Dynamic conditions, indicating rigidity can hinder experience.
  • The role of synchronization varied by metrical level (1 Hz vs. 2 Hz) depending on movement context.

Conclusions:

  • Groove is not solely dependent on synchronization strength but on a balance between engagement and temporal stabilization.
  • An Embodied Groove-Synchrony Model is proposed, highlighting context-dependent effects of synchronization on groove.