Clinical Applications of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in HR+/HER2, and Personalized Treatment Strategies: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Hormone Receptor-positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer is a significant subtype.
• Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have emerged as a critical advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and application status of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
• To discuss the advantages and limitations of CDK4/6 inhibitors in different treatment stages.
• To explore strategies for overcoming drug resistance and managing adverse reactions.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on CDK4/6 inhibitors (Palbociclib, Ribociclib, Abemaciclib, Dalpiciclib).
• Analysis of clinical trial data regarding progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
• Discussion of emerging therapeutic strategies and personalized precision therapy.

Main Results:

• CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly prolong PFS and OS in HR+/HER2- breast cancer.
• These inhibitors are now a cornerstone in first-line and adjuvant therapy.
• Drug resistance and adverse events remain significant challenges.

Conclusions:

• CDK4/6 inhibitors are vital for HR+/HER2- breast cancer treatment, enhancing survival.
• Future directions include combination therapies (e.g., with PI3K inhibitors, immunotherapy, ER-degrading agents) to combat resistance.
• Personalized precision therapy holds promise for optimizing CDK4/6 inhibitor use and improving patient quality of life.