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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
07:46

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments

Published on: April 30, 2021

Microfluidic chips for decoding cancer-immune crosstalk in immunotherapy.

Xianlei Cai1, Xia Xiao1, Congcong Zhang1

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University (Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital), Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Immunocompetent tumor-on-a-chip platforms improve cancer immunotherapy research by mimicking the tumor microenvironment. These advanced models enhance the study of cancer-immune interactions and accelerate the development of personalized treatments.

Keywords:
cancer-immune interactionmicrofluidicsprecision oncologytumor microenvironmenttumor-on-a-chip

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
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Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments

Published on: April 30, 2021

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Published on: October 13, 2023

Microfluidics-based High-throughput Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting and Single-cell Sequencing Technology
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Microfluidics-based High-throughput Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting and Single-cell Sequencing Technology

Published on: November 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cancer Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Conventional preclinical models inadequately represent TME complexity and immune cell dynamics.
  • Microphysiological systems, like tumor-on-a-chip (TOC) platforms, offer improved preclinical models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the engineering principles of immunocompetent TOC platforms.
  • To explore their applications in cancer immunotherapy research.
  • To highlight their potential in functional precision oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of microfluidic engineering, biomimetic extracellular matrices, and controlled perfusion.
  • Recapitulation of TME cellular heterogeneity, 3D structure, and physiological flow.
  • Development of advanced models including multi-organ and lymph node-on-a-chip systems.

Main Results:

  • TOC platforms enable mechanistic studies of the cancer-immunity cycle (e.g., immune cell recruitment, cytotoxicity).
  • They are valuable for evaluating cell-based immunotherapies (e.g., CAR-T cells), drug screening, and combination therapies.
  • Recent advances increase physiological complexity, mimicking systemic interactions and metastatic sites.

Conclusions:

  • Immunocompetent TOC platforms are essential tools for understanding cancer-immune biology.
  • They hold promise for accelerating personalized immunotherapy development.
  • Addressing challenges in standardization and clinical validation is key for broader adoption.