Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Computer-Aided Design (CAD): How AI Is Redefining Dental CAD

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an increasingly important component of modern dentistry, particularly with the expansion of digital workflows and computer-aided design (CAD) technologies. This article explores the role of AI in dentistry, with a specific focus on its integration into digital dentistry and restorative CAD design. The objective is to clarify how AI technologies can support clinicians and dental technicians in improving accuracy, efficiency, and consistency in dental practice. The article introduces the fundamental concepts of AI, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) to provide a foundation for understanding their clinical applications. It also reviews the implementation of AI across several dental specialties, including restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, implantology, orthodontics, endodontics, periodontology, oral and maxillofacial radiology, oral pathology, forensic dentistry, and digital dentistry. Particular attention is given to AI-integrated CAD systems used in fixed prosthetic design. The article further discusses current limitations of AI in dentistry, including issues related to data quality, ethical considerations, transparency, and the continuing need for clinician oversight. AI is presented as a supportive tool that can enhance digital workflows and assist dental professionals in delivering more predictable restorative outcomes while complementing clinical expertise and professional judgment.