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Barriers to Diabetes Care in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of Patient, Provider, and Healthcare
Miriam A Okorie1, Collins C Okeke2, Onyinye E Ebiliekwe3
1Emergency Medicine, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, GBR.
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health problem with greater impact in developing countries. Despite increasing awareness, effective diabetes management in these settings is hindered by multiple barriers. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize the barriers to effective diabetes care in developing countries. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted from inception to February 16, 2026, and 1,127 articles were synthesized; 14 articles met the predefined inclusion criteria. We included original articles published in peer-reviewed journals and individuals of any gender and age who were managed for diabetes mellitus in any developing country and reported any barriers, challenges, or limitations to diabetes care. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) risk-of-bias critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies was used. Barriers to diabetes care in developing countries are complex, with financial limitations and health system inefficiencies playing a central role. Addressing these challenges requires integrated strategies that target healthcare financing, workforce capacity, and patient education to improve diabetes outcomes.
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