Biomimetic core-shell nanofibrous scaffolds with an organic montmorillonite interlayer for tissue engineering

Electrospun polymer nanofibrous scaffolds have gained considerable interest in biomedical applications due to their ability to mimic the architecture and biological functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, precise control over scaffold degradation is essential for ensuring predictable material behavior and supporting their intended function in tissue engineering. In this study, we develop a series of core-shell nanofibrous scaffolds composed of glycidyl methacrylate-grafted silk fibroin and poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (SFMA/PLCL), incorporating an interlayer of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT). The introduction of OMMT markedly enhances scaffold hydrophilicity, mechanical robustness, and dimensional stability, while enabling finely tunable degradation kinetics. Increasing OMMT content shifts the degradation mode from surface erosion to bulk degradation by facilitating water penetration and disrupting polymer interactions through exfoliated OMMT nanosheets and the release of quaternary ammonium ions. Moreover, the scaffolds exhibit potent antibacterial activity (>99% inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus), strong anti-biofilm performance (>75% suppression), and long-lasting antibacterial effects, all while maintaining excellent cytocompatibility. These results demonstrate that core-shell nanofibrous scaffolds with an OMMT interlayer represent a promising multifunctional platform for tissue engineering applications.