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False Memories01:18

False Memories

False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information with...
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

Chilling and Blurring Negative Memories: An Experimental Memory Training Study.

Fatemeh Azar1, Tara Rezapour2, Hossein Karsazi1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interfering with working memory during memory recall reduced memory vividness. Broadening attentional scope did not significantly alter memory characteristics, suggesting working memory interference is key for memory modification.

Keywords:
Broadening attentional scope (BAS)Emotional memoryVividnessWorking memory interference (WMI)

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
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Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

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A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory reconsolidation is a dynamic process.
  • Attentional scope and working memory can influence memory.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for memory modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of broadening attentional scope (BAS) during acquisition and working memory interference (WMI) during reconsolidation on memory formation.
  • To assess the effects on memory vividness, emotionality, and intrusive memories.

Main Methods:

  • 95 participants were divided into control, BAS, and WMI groups.
  • BAS group focused on peripheral film details; WMI group performed spatial working memory tasks.
  • Memory vividness, emotionality, valence, arousal, dominance, and intrusive memories were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Working memory interference significantly reduced memory vividness (P=0.004).
  • No significant differences were found in emotionality, arousal, dominance, or intrusive memories between groups.
  • The WMI group showed improved blurring of negative memories compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Interfering with visuospatial working memory during memory retrieval can reduce memory vividness.
  • Broadening attentional scope did not yield significant changes in memory characteristics.
  • Further research with larger samples and objective measures is recommended for clinical implications.