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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Pioneering Patient-Specific Approaches for Precision Surgery Using Imaging and Virtual Reality
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Virtual Reality in Ophthalmic Surgical Education: Current Innovations and Future Perspectives.

Abhimanyu S Ahuja1, Sen Yang1, Alfredo A Paredes Iii2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|June 1, 2026
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Summary

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) offer immersive ophthalmic surgical training, reducing patient risk and reliance on senior supervision. These technologies enhance skills acquisition, making surgical education more accessible and efficient.

Keywords:
augmented realitycataractgraduate medical educationretinasurgical trainingvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Simulation
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Traditional ophthalmic surgical training relies on wet-labs and patient experience, which can be time-intensive and carry risks for novice surgeons.
  • Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) present immersive and interactive learning environments.
  • These technologies are gaining traction in medical education, particularly for surgical training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the validation levels of emerging VR and AR technologies for ophthalmic surgical training.
  • To identify current evidence gaps in the application of these immersive platforms.
  • To assess the potential of VR/AR to improve the affordability, efficiency, and accessibility of surgical education.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed studies on VR/AR in ophthalmic surgical training.
  • Reviewing recent reports on emerging VR platforms and simulators.
  • Comparing levels of validation and evidence across different technologies.

Main Results:

  • VR and AR provide structured, independent learning environments, reducing patient risk and supervision needs.
  • Platforms like Apple Vision Pro, Meta Quest, Haag-Streit Eyesi, HelpMeSee, and Alcon Fidelis offer diverse simulation capabilities.
  • Established simulators show stronger construct validity, while newer consumer platforms have limited ophthalmic validation.

Conclusions:

  • VR and AR technologies hold significant potential to enhance ophthalmic surgical training.
  • These tools can make surgical education more affordable, efficient, and accessible.
  • Future integration with AI could further personalize surgical education and skill assessment.