Unveiling Diagnostic Significance: Exploring miR-21, IL-12, and INF-Y in Various Breast Cancer Stages and Grades

Studying miR-21, IL-12, and INF-Y as diagnostic markers in breast cancer stages aids in early detection and optimizing treatment for improved patient outcomes. In the current research, 150 breast cancer patients and 50 healthy controls from Baqiyatullah and Shahada Hospital underwent ELISA for IL-12 and INF-Y and real-time PCR for miR-21 expression. We examined 150 patients with BC and 50 healthy individuals. The average age was 51.56 ± 10.16 years. 96.5% were married, with a higher family history of cancer (51.33%) in patients. IL-12 and INF-Y levels' highest mean was in stage 1 and stage 4, respectively. miR-21 gene expression was highest in stage IIIA (11.61) and lowest in stage IIIB (5.13). Significant differences in miR-21 expression, IL-12, and INF-Y levels were observed between breast cancer (BC) cases and the healthy group. The study sheds light on biomarkers critical to BC detection, including interleukin-12, interferon-gamma, and miRNA-21. The study suggests IL-12, INF-Y, and miR-21 gene expression as potential diagnostic markers for breast cancer, with strong correlations to disease grade and stage. IL-12 and INF-Y exhibit 100% sensitivity and specificity, while miR-21 shows 85% sensitivity, promising accurate detection.