[Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: don't overlook direct examination!]

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is the most common clinical form of mucormycosis. The most common underlying condition associated with this form is diabetes, especially in cases of glycemic imbalance.

This report concerns a 13-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes who was admitted for ketoacidosis. Clinical and radiological examinations revealed progressive orbital cellulitis (Chandler stage II, then V). Despite initiating antibiotic and antifungal treatment, there was no improvement. Surgery was performed to remove necrotic tissue, and mycological and anatomopathological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of mucormycosis. The patient was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B for two months.

Although this infection is rare, it should always be suspected in cases of facial cellulitis, especially in patients with poorly controlled diabetes, to ensure rapid and effective treatment.