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Published on: December 9, 2022
Linking park environmental characteristics to child health outcomes: towards an evidence-based child-friendly design
1College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China.
Abstract:
With the deepening of the Child-Friendly City concept in global urban governance, understanding how park environments systematically promote children's physical and mental health has become a critical issue in both research and practice. Taking the urban park system of Dazhou City, Sichuan Province, China, as an empirical case, this study constructed a comprehensive evaluation framework encompassing six dimensions-safety, accessibility, comfort, playability, naturalness, and inclusiveness-to examine the relationships between environmental characteristics and children's health outcomes. The results indicate that 14 environmental indicators significantly affect children's physical health (β = 0.105-0.227), primarily through pathways related to risk reduction and physical activity promotion, among which noise control, facility diversity, and barrier-free design show the most prominent effects; In contrast, 9 indicators significantly enhance children's mental health (β = 0.139-0.380), mainly via mechanisms associated with cognitive restoration and emotional regulation, with interactive engagement, wildlife habitat, and seasonal landscape exerting the greatest influence. These findings reveal a differentiated mechanism in which physical health is driven by stress mitigation and activity support, whereas mental health relies more on restorative experiences and human-nature interactions. Based on these empirical findings, this study further proposes cultural integration, and micro-environmental renovation as optimization strategies, providing practical and operable guidance for developing child-friendly parks in high-density urban contexts.
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