Microjoining for biomedical device fabrication: a perspective

Microjoining plays a pivotal role in the fabrication of advanced biomedical devices. The ongoing drive toward miniaturization, multifunctional integration, and high reliability in medical implants and interventional systems further necessitates precise and robust joining of diverse materials via various joining methods at the microscale. This perspective provides a concise overview of recent advances in microjoining technologies for biomedical device applications. Through representative case studies on materials for joining, joining methods, and resultant joint properties, we elucidate the fundamental concepts and governing mechanisms of microjoining in the context of biomedical device fabrication. By providing insights from both experimental investigations and mechanistic analyses, key issues such as material weldability, metallurgy in the fusion zone, processing physics, and functional performance of micro-joints are discussed. Finally, future opportunities and challenges in this field of research are outlined, highlighting key bottlenecks and potential directions for the development of microjoining in biomedical device fabrication.