Women in neurosurgical oncology: Mapping the milestones and shaping the future

Neurosurgical oncology, which specifically focuses on the treatment of central nervous system tumors, emerged in 1879 after Dr. William Macewen successfully completed the first brain tumor resection. The field has since dramatically evolved due to advancements in neuroimaging, neuronavigation, surgical techniques, and improved knowledge of molecular biology, allowing for the administration of safer, more effective, patient-centered oncology care. Traditionally male-dominated, the entry of women in neurosurgery and neurosurgical oncology gained momentum in the 20th century thanks to the groundbreaking work of pioneers like Drs. Louise Eisenhardt, Diana Beck, Sofia Ionescu, and Alexa Canady. Their work has paved the way for future generations of women in neurosurgery. Today, several prominent female leaders and physician-scientists including Drs. Karin M. Muraszko, Roberta Glick, Isabelle Germano, Galareh Zadeh, Viviane Tabar, Linda Liau, Amy Heimberger, and Kate Drummond continue to advance the field through innovative research, surgical expertise, and commitment to patient care, inspiring and mentoring the next generation of neurosurgeons. This review explores the evolution of women's roles in neurosurgery, historical milestones in neurosurgical oncology, and the contributions of prominent female neurosurgical oncologists whose dedication and achievements continue to shape the future of neurosurgical oncology.