Experimental atherosclerosis models in small animals (Review).

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Research
• Translational Medicine
• Animal Models

Background:

• Atherosclerosis, arterial plaque buildup, causes major vascular diseases like coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke.
• Early-stage atherosclerosis is often asymptomatic, making clinical detection difficult before significant vascular obstruction.
• Metabolic conditions like familial hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes increase susceptibility to early atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review experimental atherosclerosis models in small animals.
• To provide insights for developing future pharmacological treatment protocols.
• To highlight the importance of understanding atherosclerosis pathophysiology and risk factors.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of numerous sources on atherosclerosis, its pathophysiology, risk factors, and experimental models.
• Examination of *in vivo* models for understanding biochemical and molecular disease processes.
• Analysis of factors crucial for creating effective *in vivo* models, including animal selection and model characteristics.

Main Results:

• Experimental atherosclerosis models are vital for disease process comprehension and innovative treatment development.
• *In vivo* models offer insights into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
• Selection of appropriate animal species and careful model creation are essential for *in vivo* studies.

Conclusions:

• Further research is necessary to elucidate atherosclerosis pathophysiology.
• Development of novel pharmacological treatments for atherosclerosis-related diseases requires continued investigation.
• Experimental models are indispensable tools for advancing atherosclerosis research and therapeutic strategies.