PFAS exposure and reproductive dysfunction: implications for outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies

Area of Science:

• Environmental Health
• Reproductive Toxicology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants with high bioaccumulation potential.
• Widespread environmental presence of PFAS raises concerns regarding human health, particularly through various exposure pathways.
• PFAS exposure is increasingly scrutinized for its potential impact on human reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and analyze existing research on the effects of PFAS exposure on reproductive outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART).
• To synthesize current evidence regarding the mechanisms by which PFAS may disrupt reproductive health.
• To highlight potential risks and offer updated perspectives for researchers and policymakers.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review and synthesis of peer-reviewed literature on PFAS and ART outcomes.
• Analysis of studies investigating the impact of PFAS on fertility, pregnancy, and fetal health.
• Examination of emerging evidence on the mechanistic pathways of PFAS reproductive toxicity.

Main Results:

• PFAS exposure is associated with diminished fertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and impaired fetal health.
• Potential mechanisms include disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, steroidogenesis, and gamete quality.
• Compromised endometrial receptivity, placental function, oxidative stress, and inflammation are implicated.

Conclusions:

• PFAS exposure poses potential risks to reproductive health in the context of ART.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of PFAS reproductive toxicity.
• Updated perspectives are crucial for informing public health policy and clinical practice regarding PFAS exposure.