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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
09:33

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

Published on: June 2, 2018

Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency Is Surprisingly Common.

Lara Pizzorno, Joseph Pizzorno

    Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.)
    |June 1, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Digestive disturbances, including pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (EPI), are linked to chronic disease. Modern research validates this concept, highlighting EPI

    Keywords:
    Pancreas functionPancreatic enzyme replacement therapyPancreatic exocrine deficiency

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    Assessing the Secretory Capacity of Pancreatic Acinar Cells
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    A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice
    14:39

    A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

    Published on: January 9, 2026

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine
    • Digestive Health and Chronic Disease Research

    Background:

    • Natural health practitioners have long observed a connection between digestive issues and chronic diseases.
    • Previous research identified hypochlorhydria and dysbiosis as contributors to maldigestion.
    • Emerging evidence points to pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (EPI) as another significant factor in maldigestion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the prevalence of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (EPI) in the adult population.
    • To discuss the diagnostic methods, common causes, and potential interventions for EPI.
    • To highlight the role of EPI in digestive disturbances and its association with chronic diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • This editorial synthesizes current research and clinical observations regarding EPI.
    • It reviews epidemiological data on the prevalence of EPI across different age groups and health statuses.
    • The content examines established and emerging diagnostic approaches for identifying EPI.

    Main Results:

    • Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (EPI) affects at least 20% of individuals aged 50-75 without diagnosed diseases.
    • Prevalence rates are higher in individuals with existing medical conditions, particularly diabetes.
    • EPI is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to maldigestion and digestive disturbances.

    Conclusions:

    • Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (EPI) is a prevalent condition, often overlooked, contributing significantly to digestive problems.
    • Early diagnosis and intervention for EPI are crucial for managing maldigestion and potentially mitigating chronic disease development.
    • Further research into EPI's causes and effective treatments is warranted to improve patient outcomes.