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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation
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Engineering a Universal Scaffold for Activatable Near-Infrared Photosensitizers.

Liu Yang1, Shumei Huang2,3, Jianlin Chen4

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.

Chemical & Biomedical Imaging
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed activatable photosensitizers (aPSs) using a novel scaffold, Rho-I. These aPSs offer targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) by responding to disease biomarkers, enhancing tumor ablation safety and efficacy.

Keywords:
activatable photosensitizersalkaline phosphatasehydrogen peroxidenear-infrareduniversal scaffold

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Photochemistry
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy relies on photosensitizer (PS) properties.
  • Conventional PSs exhibit
  • always-on
  • activity, causing off-target toxicity.
  • Activatable photosensitizers (aPSs) offer improved selectivity by responding to disease cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a universal scaffold for creating stimulus-responsive aPSs.
  • To engineer aPSs activated by specific disease biomarkers for targeted PDT.
  • To demonstrate the potential of aPSs for safe and effective tumor ablation.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and synthesized a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizing scaffold, Rho-I.
  • Developed aPSs by caging the phenolate donor of Rho-I.
  • Tested aPS activation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in vitro.
  • Evaluated tumor ablation efficacy using the developed aPSs.

Main Results:

  • The Rho-I scaffold demonstrated strong NIR absorption and high phototoxicity.
  • Phenolate donor caging effectively suppressed Rho-I's photodynamic activity.
  • Developed aPSs (Rho-I-H2O2 and Rho-I-ALP) showed selective activation by H2O2 and ALP, respectively.
  • These aPSs achieved efficient and selective photoablation of tumor cells.

Conclusions:

  • Rho-I is a versatile scaffold for constructing precision aPSs.
  • Stimulus-responsive aPSs offer a promising strategy for targeted and safe PDT.
  • This approach enhances tumor treatment specificity and minimizes side effects.