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Consistent Brain Entropy Changes During Rumination Across Three Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanners.

Jue Lu1, Donghui Song2, Da Chang3

  • 1School of Mathematics, Physics and Information Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China, usx.edu.cn.

Neural Plasticity
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repetitive rumination involves altered local brain activity, specifically decreased brain entropy (BEN) in visual areas and increased BEN in self-referential regions. This neuroimaging approach offers insights into depression mechanisms.

Keywords:
brain entropy (BEN)fMRIposterior cingulate cortexprecuneusruminationvisual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Rumination, repetitive self-referential thinking, is linked to depression and psychiatric disorders.
  • Previous research often used task activation or network-level analyses, missing local brain activity dynamics during rumination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate local brain activity patterns during rumination using brain entropy (BEN).
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying rumination and its relation to cognitive states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain entropy (BEN), quantifying local brain activity complexity.
  • Analyzed data from 41 healthy adults across three scanners under resting state, sad memory, rumination, and distraction conditions.
  • Conducted voxel-wise BEN analyses to identify significant condition-related differences in brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Rumination showed decreased BEN in the visual cortex (VC) compared to sad memory.
  • Distraction exhibited decreased BEN in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu).
  • Rumination demonstrated increased BEN in the PCC/PCu relative to distraction, indicating heightened temporal irregularity in self-referential processing regions.

Conclusions:

  • Brain entropy (BEN) effectively reveals distinct neural signatures of cognitive states.
  • Rumination is characterized by increased temporal complexity in self-referential brain regions and reduced engagement with external information.
  • Findings support the utility of BEN for understanding rumination and developing neuroimaging biomarkers for depression.