Eating Disorders in the GLP-1 Era: A Spotlight on Emerging Clinical Risks, Research Gaps, and Practice Priorities

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Psychiatry
• Clinical Psychology

Background:

• Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are transforming treatments for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular risk.
• Their impact on appetite, satiety, and eating behaviors intersects with core psychological aspects of eating disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the urgent need for a coordinated clinical and research agenda for eating disorders in the era of GLP-1 RA use.
• To synthesize emerging concerns and early evidence regarding GLP-1 RA effects in individuals with eating disorder psychopathology.

Main Methods:

• Review of emerging clinical concerns and early evidence on GLP-1 RA use in populations with binge eating, bulimic symptoms, restrictive eating, and body image disturbance.
• Focus on unresolved questions rather than a systematic review.

Main Results:

• GLP-1 RAs show potential for binge eating disorder but may exacerbate restriction and compulsive weight control in vulnerable individuals.
• Current prescribing lacks systematic eating disorder screening, multidisciplinary monitoring, and clear guidance.

Conclusions:

• Routine eating disorder screening before and during GLP-1 RA treatment is essential.
• Development of risk stratification, monitoring tools, discontinuation plans, and stigma-reducing communication strategies are critical priorities.