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The Canine Sacroiliac Joint: 1. Classification and Morphometrics
Janek Gensicke1, Thomas Grochow1, Mirjam Kalusa1
1Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
|June 1, 2026
Summary
This study details the canine sacroiliac joint (CSIJ) anatomy, revealing it as a combined diarthrosis and symphysis. Findings provide crucial insights for diagnosing canine lameness and pain syndromes.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Anatomy
- Histology
- Biomechanical Analysis
Background:
- The canine sacroiliac joint (CSIJ) is increasingly recognized in diagnosing canine lameness and lumbosacral pain.
- Detailed anatomical characteristics of the CSIJ are not well understood, hindering clinical evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To histologically characterize CSIJ intra-articular structures.
- To establish a joint classification for the CSIJ.
- To provide a comprehensive morphometric assessment of CSIJ surface areas.
Main Methods:
- Histological examination of CSIJ from 29 dogs.
- Two-dimensional quantification of synovial surface area (SSA), extrasynovial surface area (ESA), and total surface area (TSA).
- Morphometric analysis normalized to crown-rump length (CRL) and assessment of bilateral symmetry.
Main Results:
- CSIJ intra-articular structures consist of dense connective tissue and fibrocartilage.
- The CSIJ is classified as a combined joint: caudoventral diarthrosis and craniodorsal symphysis.
- Significant differences in iliac versus sacral surface areas were noted, with strong correlations between surface areas and CRL. Males had larger SSAs.
Conclusions:
- The CSIJ is a complex combined joint with distinct anatomical features.
- Morphometric data and histological findings provide a foundation for understanding CSIJ function and pathology.
- This study offers essential anatomical data for clinical applications in veterinary orthopedics.
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