Application of Bioactive Natural Compounds to Promote Cell Proliferation and Migration in the Wound Healing Process

Wound healing is a complex biological process that restores the integrity and strength of the skin. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts play pivotal roles in tissue repair through their interactions and signaling pathways. Keratinocytes proliferate to re-epithelialize the wound, while fibroblasts contribute to the formation of new extracellular matrix. Although cell proliferation is essential for wound healing, excessive proliferation can lead to scar formation. Therefore, strategies that balance proliferation and migration, along with proper mechanotransduction, are crucial for efficient wound repair. Sheep and camel milk contain numerous bioactive substances, such as insulin, lactoferrin, proline, and conjugated linoleic acid, that have demonstrated promising effects on wound healing. While direct evidence on skin cell proliferation and migration is limited, the properties of these bioactive substances suggest beneficial effects in these areas. Therefore, incorporating these milks into hydrogel dressings can promote wound healing. Moreover, improving the cell-material mechano-interaction in such hydrogels could lead to the development of novel regenerative medical therapies.