Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

Development of the Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Impact Measure (P-TIM)

Kristina S Boye1, Katie D Stewart2, Louis S Matza3

  • 1Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
|June 1, 2026
PubMed

Insights

A new questionnaire, the Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Impact Measure (P-TIM), was developed to assess how type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its treatments affect children. This measure is relevant for newer medications and evaluating treatment impact.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Patient-reported outcomes
  • Qualitative research methodology

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children necessitates updated assessment tools.
  • Existing patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures may not capture the nuances of newer T2D treatments in pediatric populations.
  • This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of children with T2D to inform the development of a relevant assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and understand the impact of T2D and its treatment on children.
  • To develop a child-centered questionnaire for assessing the impact of pediatric T2D.
  • To ensure the questionnaire is relevant to current and emerging T2D therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted qualitative concept elicitation interviews with 13 children with T2D and their caregivers.
  • Developed a draft questionnaire based on interview findings.
  • Refined the questionnaire through qualitative interviews with 10 children with T2D.

Main Results:

  • Interviews revealed impacts of T2D on eating, emotional well-being, school, family, activities, and social life.
  • Children provided feedback on treatment aspects like ease of use, blood glucose, and weight management.
  • The Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Impact Measure (P-TIM) was developed and refined, showing clarity, comprehensiveness, and relevance.

Conclusions:

  • The Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Impact Measure (P-TIM) demonstrates content validity for assessing T2D impact in children.
  • The P-TIM includes concepts relevant to newer medications, such as weight control.
  • This new PRO measure can aid in evaluating the effectiveness of T2D treatments in pediatric patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
Children with T2DP-TIMPediatric T2DPediatric Type 2 Diabetes Impact MeasurePediatric type 2 diabetes

More Related Videos

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes08:30

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...