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Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
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Many Paths to Recovery: The Case for Treatment Pluralism.

Jared K Powell, Amy McDevitt, Chad Cook

    The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
    |June 1, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    No single treatment consistently outperforms others for musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. Treatment pluralism acknowledges individual patient variability and promotes evidence-informed, patient-centered care options.

    Keywords:
    effectivenessmechanismsmusculoskeletalpainpluralism

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    Published on: February 16, 2011

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Physical Therapy
    • Pain Management

    Background:

    • Decades of research have failed to establish a superior treatment for musculoskeletal (MSK) pain.
    • Current interventions like exercise and manual therapy show modest, similar average effects, possibly due to nonspecific mechanisms.
    • Significant heterogeneity exists in treatment responses, meaning individuals respond differently.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and advocate for treatment pluralism as a framework for managing MSK pain.
    • To address the challenge of treatment selection amidst comparable group-level effects and individual variability.
    • To promote patient-centered care by aligning treatments with patient values and preferences.

    Main Methods:

    • This study is a conceptual and interpretive review of existing evidence on MSK pain treatments.
    • It synthesizes findings from multiple trials demonstrating comparable average treatment effects.
    • It discusses frameworks like the person-centered hypothesis for refining treatment selection.

    Main Results:

    • Interventions for MSK pain, including exercise and manual techniques, yield broadly equivalent average effects at the group level.
    • Substantial heterogeneity in individual patient responses to treatments is a key finding.
    • Predictive precision in treatment selection remains an unmet goal.

    Conclusions:

    • Treatment pluralism offers a practical approach to navigating uncertainty in MSK pain care.
    • It supports a range of safe, evidence-informed options, respecting patient individuality.
    • Transparent communication and alignment with patient values are crucial for effective, patient-centered care.