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Restraining hospitalized children for procedures: practices of nursing professionals in Brazil

Ronaldo Antonio Silva1, Maria Aparecida Munhoz Gaíva2

  • 1Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Diamantino, MT, Brazil.

Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da U S P
|June 1, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Brazilian nursing professionals frequently use physical and psychological restraint for hospitalized children, despite lacking formal training. This practice is often employed due to child behavior and safety concerns during procedures.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nursing
  • Healthcare Practices
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Restraint is utilized in pediatric care.
  • Understanding current restraint practices is crucial for improving patient safety and professional training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the restraint practices employed by Brazilian nursing professionals in pediatric healthcare settings.
  • To identify the techniques, reasons, and contextual factors influencing restraint use.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 897 nursing professionals caring for hospitalized children in Brazil.
  • Data collected via validated questionnaires on sociodemographics and restraint practices.
  • Statistical analysis performed using R software.

Main Results:

  • Restraint is a common practice, with physical, supported, and psychological techniques being most frequent.
  • Professionals reported no formal training in restraint techniques.
  • Use of restraint was linked to child behavior, safety, and non-cooperation during procedures like venipuncture, medication administration, and catheterization.

Conclusions:

  • The study details restraint techniques, rationale, consent, family involvement, harm mitigation, and documentation in Brazilian pediatric nursing.
  • Findings highlight a gap in formal training for restraint practices among nursing professionals.
  • Further research and training interventions are needed to ensure safe and ethical restraint use.
Abstract

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