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Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Identifying Frailty Using Point-of-Care Ultrasonography: Image Acquisition and Assessment
04:00

Identifying Frailty Using Point-of-Care Ultrasonography: Image Acquisition and Assessment

Published on: July 26, 2024

Association between frailty status and osteomyelitis: A nested case-control study.

Can Guo1, Xukun Luo2, Zijin Tang1

  • 1Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.

Plos One
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical pre-frailty and frailty significantly increase the risk of osteomyelitis in older adults. The odds of developing this bone infection rise with increasing frailty levels, indicating a dose-response relationship.

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Published on: July 24, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
05:53

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Published on: July 24, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bone Health

Background:

  • Frailty is a known predictor of adverse outcomes in older adults.
  • The link between physical frailty and osteomyelitis risk is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between physical pre-frailty or frailty and the risk of developing osteomyelitis.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study using UK Biobank data from 466,918 participants.
  • Frailty assessed using a five-item phenotype (non-frail, pre-frail, frail).
  • Osteomyelitis cases identified via electronic health records and matched to controls; conditional logistic regression used for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Pre-frail individuals had 1.38 times higher odds of osteomyelitis compared to non-frail individuals.
  • Frail individuals had 2.79 times higher odds of osteomyelitis compared to non-frail individuals.
  • A significant dose-response relationship (P-trend <0.001) was observed between frailty status and osteomyelitis risk.

Conclusions:

  • Physical pre-frailty and frailty are associated with an elevated risk of osteomyelitis.
  • The risk of osteomyelitis increases progressively with higher categories of frailty.